📌 Step 1 — Understand GHG Inventory
What is a GHG Inventory?
A systematic record of all greenhouse gas emissions generated directly or indirectly by an organization during a reporting period. All values are expressed as CO₂ Equivalent (CO₂e)
🧪 Main Greenhouse Gases
🔬 Primary GHGs
CO₂ Carbon Dioxide
CH₄ Methane
N₂O Nitrous Oxide
⚗️ Industrial GHGs
HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons
PFCs Perfluorocarbons
SF₆ Sulphur Hexafluoride
NF₃ Nitrogen Trifluoride
📊 Reported as
CO₂ Equivalent
(CO₂e)
CO₂ Equivalent
(CO₂e)
📂 Step 2 — Classify Emissions
🔴 Scope 1
Direct Emissions
Emissions from sources owned or controlled by the company
- Diesel Generator
- Company Vehicles
- LPG Consumption
- PNG / Natural Gas
- Diesel Boilers
- Fire Pump Diesel Engine
- Refrigerant Leakage (R22, R410A etc.)
⚡ FORMULA
Activity Data × Emission Factor = Scope 1 Emissions
📝 EXAMPLE
Diesel = 25,000 L
EF = 2.676 kg CO₂/L
= 25,000 × 2.676
= 66,900 kg CO₂
= 66.90 tCO₂e
EF = 2.676 kg CO₂/L
= 25,000 × 2.676
= 66,900 kg CO₂
= 66.90 tCO₂e
🟡 Scope 2
Indirect Energy Emissions
Emissions from purchased energy not generated on-site
- Purchased Electricity
- Purchased Steam
- Purchased Cooling
- Purchased Heating
⚡ FORMULA
Electricity (kWh) × Grid Emission Factor = Scope 2 Emissions
📝 EXAMPLE
Electricity = 1,500,000 kWh
Grid EF = 0.716 kg CO₂/kWh
= 1,500,000 × 0.716
= 1,074,000 kg CO₂
= 1,074 tCO₂e
Grid EF = 0.716 kg CO₂/kWh
= 1,500,000 × 0.716
= 1,074,000 kg CO₂
= 1,074 tCO₂e
🟢 Scope 3
Other Indirect Emissions
Emissions from business activities not owned by the company
- Business Travel
- Employee Commuting
- Waste Disposal
- Purchased Goods
- Capital Goods
- Transportation
- Water Consumption
- Third-party Logistics
- Hotel Stay, Flights
- Courier Services
⚡ FORMULA
Activity Data × Emission Factor = Scope 3 Emissions
📝 EXAMPLE
Business Flight
Distance = 5,000 km
EF = 0.146 kg CO₂/km
= 5,000 × 0.146
= 730 kg CO₂
= 0.73 tCO₂e
Distance = 5,000 km
EF = 0.146 kg CO₂/km
= 5,000 × 0.146
= 730 kg CO₂
= 0.73 tCO₂e
📋 Step 3 — Prepare the Inventory
📊 GHG Inventory Table
| Source | Scope | Emission (tCO₂e) |
|---|---|---|
| 🔋 Diesel Generator | Scope 1 | 66.90 |
| ⚡ Electricity | Scope 2 | 1,074.00 |
| ✈️ Business Travel | Scope 3 | 12.40 |
| 🗑️ Waste Disposal | Scope 3 | 7.30 |
| 🚌 Employee Commuting | Scope 3 | 18.20 |
🧮 Step 4 — Total GHG Emissions
Total GHG = Scope 1 + Scope 2 + Scope 3
= 66.90 + 1,074.00 + 37.90
1,178.80 tCO₂e
Total Annual GHG Emissions
SCOPE BREAKDOWN
Scope 1
5.7%
Scope 2
91.1%
Scope 3
3.2%
🏛️ International Standards
💡 Key Takeaways
- Identify all emission sources across your organization
- Classify them correctly into Scope 1, 2, or 3
- Collect accurate activity data from all departments
- Apply the correct emission factors for each source
- Convert all emissions into tCO₂e for uniformity
- Report the total GHG inventory annually for compliance & credibility